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Late Motor Deficits of Chilean Manganese Miners:A Blinded Control Study
Neurol 47:788-795, Hochberg,F.,et al, 1996
See this aricle in Pubmed

Article Abstract
High-level chronic manganese(Mn)exposure produces dystonic rigidity and proximal tremor.The late effect of asymptomatic exposure are uncertain.To evaluate hand movements of asymptomatic Chilean miners,we utilized a manual tremormeter(EAP)and a digitizing tablet(MOVEMAP).In andacollo, Chile,we examined 59 individuals aged>50 years(mean age,64.4 years). Twenty-seven exposed miners had heavy Mn dust exposure in Mn mines for more than 5 years(mean duration,20.25 years),ending at least 5 years previously.Thirty-two control miners had never worked in Mn mines or had short-term Mn employment.Tests of resting tremor(EAP Tremormeter,MOVEMAP steady paradigm),action tremor(MOVEMAP Square paradigm),and repetitive hand movements(EAP Tapping Test and Orthokinesimeter)differentiated performance of exposed miners from that of controls.Chronic asymptomatic Mn exposure results in detectable late-life abnormalities of movement.
 
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manganese intoxication
movement disorder
movement disorder,extrapyramidal
occupational neurologic disorders
tremor
tremor,resting

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