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Of 676 patients receiving a diagnosis of cytomegalovirus encephalitis,574 (85%)were infected with HIV,81(12%)had other causes of immunosuppression, and 21(3%)were otherwise healthy.Cytomegalovirus encephalitis was confirmed during autopsy in 12%of HIV-infected patients and 2%of transplant recipients.The most common lesion was microglial nodule encephalitis,but the clinical findings corresponding to this pathologic entity are not well defined.In contrast,the pathologic entity of cytomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis,found almost exclusively in patients with advanced HIV infection,has distinct clinical features that allow recognition even in patients with HIV encephalopathy.Polymerase chain reaction has been shown to be useful for diagnosis of cytomegalovirus encephalitis. |
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