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Range of Genetic Mutations Associated with Severe Non-Syndromic Sporadic Intellectual Disability: An Exome Sequencing Study
Lancet 380:1674-1682, Rauch, A.,et al, 2012
See this aricle in Pubmed

Article Abstract
After exclusion of copy-number variants, de-novo point mutations and small indels are associated with severe, sporadic non-syndromic intellectual disability, accounting for 45-55% of patients with high locus heterogeneity. Autosomal recessive inheritance seems to contribute little in the outbred population investigated. The large number of de-novo variants in known intellectual disability genes is only partially attributable to known non-specific prototypes. Several patients did not meet the expected syndromic manifestation, suggesting a strong bias in present clinical syndrome descriptions.
 
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