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Isolated or predominant INO is a unique clinical stroke syndrome caused by small dorsal brainstem infarction. The pathogenesis, however, is heterogeneous, including distal occlusion of small penetrating arteries, atheromatous branch occlusion from the BA, SCA, or PCA, or major BA occlusion. The functional prognosis of these patients is excellent, although the INO tends to last longer when there are other neurologic deficits. |
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