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Practice Parameter: Recurrent Stroke with Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurysm Neurol 62:1042-1050, Messe,S.R.,et al, 2004 See this aricle in Pubmed Article Abstract PFO is not associated with increased risk of subsequent stroke or death among medically treated patients with cryptogenic stroke. However, both PFO an dASA possibly increase the risk of subsequent stroke (but not death) in medically treated patients younger than 55 years. In patients with a cryptogenic stroke and an atrial septal abnormality the evidence is insufficient to determine if warfarin or aspirin is superior in preventing recurrent stroke or death, but minor bleeding is more frequent with warfarin. There is insufficient evidence to evaluate the efficacy of surgical or endovascular closure.

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