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The etiologies of rhombencephalitis were as follows: unknown cause (n=31), multiple sclerosis (n=28), Behcet disease (n=10), Listeria monocytogenes infection (n=9), paraneoplastic syndrome (n=6) (3 cases associated with anti-Yo antibodies and 3 with anti-Tr antibodies), Epstein-Barr virus (n=4), tuberculosis (n=2), pneumococcal infection (n=2), systemic lupus erythmatosus (n=1), lymphoma (n=1), Brucella species infection (n=1), JC virus (n=1), and relapsing polychondritis (n=1). Certain clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and radiologic characteristics that are commonly seen in some of these etiologies can guide us in the first approach to the etiologic diagnosis of rhombencephalitis. |
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